System and method for anchoring stomach implant

ABSTRACT

A gastric implant system includes a gastric implant such as a restrictive pouch or a gastric balloon, an anchor passable through the mouth and stomach and further through the stomach wall into engagement with abdominal wall tissue. When the anchor is engaged to abdominal wall tissue, the stomach wall and abdominal wall are brought into contact with one another such that a proximal portion of the anchor extends into the stomach interior while a distal portion of the anchor remains engaged to the abdominal wall. A locking element coupled to the proximal section of the anchor is sued to maintain contact between the stomach wall and abdominal wall. The gastric implant is advanced through the oral cavity into the stomach and is coupled to the anchor.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/844,823, filed Sep. 15, 2006.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of systems and methods for performing endoscopic surgery, and specifically to systems and methods for endoscopic anchoring of implants within the stomach.

BACKGROUND

Several of Applicant's prior applications, including WO 2005/037152, U.S. Pat. No. 6,675,809, and U.S. application Ser. No. 11/439,461, Filed May 23, 2006, (each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) describe methods according to which medical implants are coupled to tissue within the stomach. According to these applications, devices for inducing weight loss (e.g. by restricting and/or obstructing flow of food into the stomach, and/or by occupying a portion of the stomach volume and/or or by limiting absorption of nutrients by the stomach and/or small intestine) may be coupled to the stomach tissue, or to tissue tunnels or plications formed from stomach tissue.

Other types of implants may be coupled to stomach tissue, plications or other tissue structures for a variety of purposes. These implants include, but are not limited to gastric space occupiers, prosthetic valves for the treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease, gastric stimulators, pH monitors and drug eluting devices that release drugs, biologics or cells into the stomach or elsewhere in the GI tract. Such drug eluting devices might include those which release leptin (a hormone which creates feelings of satiety), Ghrelin (a hormone which creates feelings of hunger), octreotide (which reduces Ghrelin levels and thus reduces hunger), Insulin, chemotherapeutic agents, natural biologics (e.g. growth factor, cytokines) which aid in post surgery trauma, ulcers, lacerations etc. Still other implants might be of a type which might provide a platform to which specific cell types can adhere, grow and provide biologically-active gene products to the GI tract, and/or a platform for radiation sources that can provide a local source of radiation for therapeutic purposes, or provide a platform whereby diagnostic ligands are immobilized and used to sample the GI tract for evidence of specific normal or pathological conditions, or provide an anchor point for imaging the GI tract via cameras and other image collecting devices.

The present application describes a new system and method for retaining implants within the stomach. According to the disclosed and illustrated procedure, an anchor is passed endoscopically from within the stomach through the stomach wall and is embedded in the tissue of the abdominal wall. The anchor holds the stomach wall and abdominal wall in contact with one another. Bonding occurs between the stomach wall and abdominal wall, creating a reinforced tissue region surrounding the anchor. An implant is coupled to the anchor. Although the implant experiences significant forces due to movement of the stomach and passage of food and liquid through the stomach, the anchor attachment is sufficiently strong to retain the implant without unintended detachment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1-5 are a sequence of schematic views showing a portion of a stomach wall and a portion of an abdominal wall, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates endoscopic implantation of an anchor through the stomach wall and into the abdominal wall.

FIG. 2 illustrates the step of locking the abdominal wall and stomach wall in contact with one another.

FIG. 3 illustrates the step of coupling an implant to the anchor.

FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate the steps of deploying the implant to its expanded state, removing the spacer and adjusting the orifice size of the implant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A method of implanting a gastric implant will be described in connection with FIGS. 1-5. The method will be described in the context of a restrictive device implantable within the stomach to restrict the flow of food into the stomach, although any other gastric implant including, but not limited to, those listed above may utilize a similar procedure.

At the start of the procedure, the stomach is preferably insufflated to provide working space within the stomach and to move the stomach wall closer to the abdominal wall. A flexible endoscope 10 is passed through the mouth and esophagus into the stomach. Under endoscopic visualization, the stomach is palpated until a desired location for an anchor is located. This step may be performed in a manner similar to known steps for locating a position for a percutaneous gastronomy device.

An anchor deployment catheter 12 is passed into the stomach via the esophagus and advanced to an area of the stomach wall near the target anchor site. Disposed within the anchor deployment catheter 12 is an anchor 14 having a distal end that is compressed within the catheter 12 but expandable once released from the deployment catheter 12. In one example shown in the drawings, the anchor may have a “treble hook” dart type configuration with an elongate body 16 and laterally extending barbs 18 similar to those found on a fishing lure. A tether 20 is connected to the elongate body 16 and extends through the catheter 20.

The catheter 12 is positioned with its distal end in contact with the stomach wall, and the anchor 14 is driven from the stomach through the stomach wall and into the abdominal wall, embedding the anchor in the abdominal wall. The anchor may be driven by fluid or gas pressure delivered to the anchor, or using a mandrel coupled to the anchor. Alternatively, the anchor may be compressed within a hollow needle that is advanced through the stomach wall and abdominal wall, and then released from the hollow needle once the needle is positioned within the abdominal fascia.

When the anchor exits the catheter 12, the barbs 18 expand to their extended positions, causing the anchor to engage with the surrounding tissue. At least a portion of the elongate body 16 remains within the stomach. With tension applied to the tether, a spacer 22 threaded onto the tether 20 is advanced into contact with the stomach wall to impart sufficient pressure against the stomach wall to draw the stomach wall and abdominal wall in contact with one another. A locking button 24, also threaded onto the tether, is advanced behind the spacer 22 and locked against the body 16 or the tether to maintain the position of the spacer 22 and to retain contact between the stomach wall and abdominal wall. Locking features for this purpose may include teeth 25 on the body 16 or tether and corresponding engaging features on the locking button (e.g. similar to a “zip-tie” arrangement). The catheter 12 is removed, leaving the anchor 14, tether 20, spacer 22 and locking button 24 in place as shown in FIG. 2.

Next, an implantation catheter 26 for a restrictive device is advanced over the tether 20 while tension is maintained on the tether. Inside the implantation catheter 26 is a tubular restrictive device 28 in a compressed position. The restrictive device 28 may be a self-expandable device retained in the compressed position by a tear-away sheath or biodegradable/absorbable sheath, or it may be one requiring active expansion using a balloon or other expandable device positioned within its lumen.

The restrictive device 28 is anchored to the locking button 24, preferably without deploying the restrictive device 28 to its expanded position. Delaying expansion of the restrictive device 28 is preferred because it allows the anchor attachment to heal and strengthen before it is subjected to the increased stresses imparted as a result of food flowing through the restrictive device. The implantation catheter 26 is withdrawn from the body and the tether 20 is cut or removed from the anchor.

After an appropriate healing time, which may be on the order of five days, flexible endoscope 10 is advanced back into the stomach. Associated instruments are used to remove the spacer 22, leaving a gap between the locking button 24 and the stomach wall as shown in FIG. 4. Removing the spacer 22 minimizes the likelihood or erosion of the stomach wall by the spacer. In one embodiment, the spacer might be have a thickness of approximately 3 cm or more, thus leaving a gap of at least 3 centimeters between the locking button 24 and the stomach wall upon removal of the spacer. The restrictive device 28 is deployed to its expanded position as shown in FIG. 5. The orifice size (e.g. the cross-sectional area of the proximal or distal orifice 32 and/or lumen) of the restrictive device 28 is adjusted as needed to provide a desired amount of restriction sufficient to lead to an appropriate weight loss for the patient. Some methods for controlling the orifice size of the restrictor are disclosed in Applicant's U.S. Application 2004-0158331, which is incorporated herein by reference. The restrictive device 28 may include one or more stabilizing bars/struts 30 to maintain stability of the device within the stomach and to keep the proximal orifice of the implant oriented towards the esophagus for receipt of ingested food.

The disclosed system can be packaged with instructions for use instructing the user to use the system according to methods disclosed herein.

It should be recognized that a number of variations of the above-identified embodiments will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the foregoing description. Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited by those specific embodiments and methods of the present invention shown and described herein. Rather, the scope of the invention is to be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

All patents and applications referred to herein, including for purposes of priority, are incorporated herein by reference. 

We claim:
 1. A method of anchoring an implant in a patient's stomach, comprising: introducing transorally into the stomach an anchor, wherein the anchor includes an expandable head at a distal end; passing the head of the anchor into a wall of the stomach in a contracted condition within a medical device, wherein the passing step includes placing the medical device within the stomach and piercing the wall of the stomach with the medical device; positioning the medical device within an abdominal fascia; after the positioning step, releasing the anchor from the medical device; expanding the head to an expanded condition to attach the anchor relative to the stomach wall; advancing a spacer towards the anchor and into contact with the stomach wall; positioning the implant within the stomach such that the spacer is positioned between the implant and the stomach wall; and removing the spacer from the patient.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the implant is a flow restrictive device.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the implant is a gastric space occupier.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the anchor is coupled to a tether, and further comprising the steps of: advancing an attachment member over the tether towards the anchor; coupling the attachment member to the anchor; advancing the implant over the tether towards the attachment member; coupling the implant to the attachment member; and removing the tether from the anchor.
 5. A method of anchoring an implant in a subject having a stomach, comprising: placing within the stomach, a catheter having a hollow needle at a distal end, wherein the catheter includes an anchor with an expandable head; piercing a wall of the stomach using the hollow needle; releasing the anchor through the needle to transform the head to an expanded condition such that the head becomes fixed relative to a wall of the stomach, wherein said releasing step includes positioning the catheter needle within an abdominal wall before releasing the anchor from the needle; advancing a spacer towards the anchor and into contact with the stomach wall; positioning the implant within the stomach such that the spacer is positioned between the implant and the stomach wall; and removing the spacer from the subject.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the spacer is configured to be advanced along a tether towards the anchor.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the implant is a flow restrictive device.
 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the implant is a gastric space occupier.
 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the anchor is coupled to a tether, and further comprising the steps of: coupling an attachment member to the anchor; advancing the implant over the tether towards the attachment member; coupling the implant to the attachment member; and removing the tether from the anchor.
 10. A method of securing an implant to a patient's stomach, comprising: introducing transorally into the patient's stomach, an anchor having an expandable head at a distal end, an attachment member for attachment of the implant to the anchor, and a tether connecting said anchor and attachment member; passing the head of the anchor into a wall of the stomach such that the head becomes fixed relative to the wall of the stomach; advancing the attachment member over the tether toward the anchor; coupling the attachment member to the anchor; advancing the implant over the tether towards the attachment member; coupling the implant to the attachment member; and after coupling the implant to the attachment member, leaving a gap between the implant and the stomach wall.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said introducing step includes placing within the stomach, a catheter having a hollow, distal-end needle, where the anchor is held within the catheter with the head in a retracted condition, and said passing step includes piercing the stomach wall using the hollow needle and releasing the anchor from the needle, wherein the head assumes an expanded condition.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said passing step further includes positioning the needle within an abdominal wall before releasing the anchor from the needle. 